Cities are faced with multiple dynamics of change, which are associated with considerable uncertainties for development processes. These multiple challenges are faced with a set of instruments that, in terms of its formal framework (BauGB, BauNVO), is characterized by the planning principle, long-term orientation and the central importance of the rule of law and legally secure procedures.
Planning processes, especially in urban land-use planning, have become increasingly complex and complicated, and informal instruments have been added, some of which are unclear. More and more aspects need to be considered and participatory process development has become increasingly important. Overall, the question arises as to whether the planning instruments can meet the requirements of sustainable and resilient urban development in the long term.